Toxic Tag's Archives
Synopsis of Important Principles
- Critical illnesses are often associated with circulatory, respiratory, hepatic and/or renal dysfunction that may alter the pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics of drugs.
- Decisions about routes of administration and doses of drugs used during medical emergencies must consider the physiological status of the patient, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the particular drug, and how the two interact.
- Adverse drug reactions and interactions are more likely in critically ill patients due to the effect of the disease on drug kinetics, the decreased toxic-therapeutic ratio due to severe underlying illness, and the large number of medications that such patients receive. Adverse reactions to drugs should be considered when unexplained deterioration or failure to respond to therapy are encountered.
Blood, Critical Care, Critical Illness, Disease, Dosage, Drug, Effect, Glucose, Hypertension, Infection, Medical Emergencies, Medication, Respiratory, Syndrome, Therapeutic, Therapy, Toxic, Treatment
Haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, haemoperfusion, exchange transfusion and forced diuresis have all been used in attempts to increase the rate of removal of drugs and poisons. However, the amount of active drug removed is often disappointingly small, and the indications for the use of such measures is very limited.
Nevertheless, poisoned patients are often unnecessarily subjected to these potentially harmful measures, and the literature is full of anecdotal accounts of miraculous recovery attributed to such treatment (Winchester et al. 1977). Properly controlled clinical trials are difficult to carry out, and very few have been published. With the possible exception of forced alkaline diuresis for poisoning with salicylate and long acting barbiturates such as phenobarbitone, none of these methods for enhancement of drug removal has ever been shown to reduce morbidity or mortality in poisoned patients (Todd 1984).
Indeed, some studies suggest the opposite result. This is not to say that such measures are never necessary, or indeed sometimes life saving, but a more critical appraisal of their role is required.
Absorption, Acidic, Alkaline, Analytical, Bentonite, Chemical, Clinical, Dialysis, Dose, Fraction, Method, Paracetamol, Poison, Recovery, Therapeutic, Toxic, Treatment, Trial
A Benzodiazepine sedative class type of dug , Clorazepate is generic drug name for Gen-Xene, Tranxene, Tranxene-SD , Tranxene T-Tab. It is commonly prescribe for treating several conditions :-
- Anxiety,
- tension,
- symptoms of acute alcohol withdrawal,
- partial seizures,
- fatigue,
- agitation,
- irritable bowel syndrome,
- and panic attacks.
General Information of the drug
- Clorazepate dipotassium is a benzodiazepine, which directly affect the brain. This drug is a central-nervous-system depressant, and can relax you and make you more tranquil or sleepier, or they can slow nervous system transmissions in such a way as to act as an anticonvulsant.
Alcohol, Allergic, Anxiety, Blood, Bloodstream, Brain, Condition, Confusion, Disease, Disturbances, Dosage, Drowsiness, Drug, Effect, Fatigue, Heart, Kidney, Liver, Mental, Muscle, Nervous, Risk, Sensitivity, Side Effects, Symptoms, Tension, Therapy, Toxic, Transmission, Treatment, Tremor, Unusual
Synopsis of Important Principles
1. Specific antidotal therapy is available for very few poisons. The mainstay of treatment of severe poisoning is intensive supportive therapy and good nursing care.
2. The great majority of poisoned patients recover with intensive supportive therapy alone, and enthusiastic claims for the success of other treatment often cannot be justified.
3. With some important exceptions, the management of poisoning is not altered by knowledge of plasma drug concentrations. There are many pitfalls in the interpretation of drug concentrations in poisoned patients, especially when nonspecific analytical methods are used.
Antidotal, Blood, Care, Circulation, Concentration, Dialysis, Diffuse, Dosage, Dose, Drug, Effect, Indication, Inhibition, Intensive, Mechanism, Metabolic, Method, Mortality, Nursing, Overdose, Pharma, Plasma, Poison, Specific, Support, Synopsis, Technique, Therapy, Toxic, Treatment, Volume
Gastric Aspiration and Lavage
Although unabsorbed drug in the stomach may be removed by gastric aspiration and lavage its usefulness in practice has been seriously questioned (Proudfoot 1984). Most drugs and poisons seem to be absorbed rapidly and this technique is unlikely to be productive more than 4 hours after ingestion, unless gastric emptying has been delayed by opioid analgesics, anticholinergic agents, central nervous system depressants, and possibly salicylates. In such circumstances gastric lavage may be worthwhile up to 12 hours after ingestion.
It is said to be contraindicated after ingestion of corrosives and hydrocarbons such as paraffin because of the risks of perforation and lipoid pneumonia, respectively.
Aspiration, Corrosives, Depress, Effect, Fatal, Gastric, Ingestion, Nervous, Poison, Practice, Residual, Risk, Sensitivity, Sodium, Sulphate, Technique, Toxic, Treatment, Tube
